The symmetry problem: current theories and prospects*
نویسندگان
چکیده
The structural approach to alternatives (Katzir 2007, Fox & Katzir 2011, Katzir 2014) aims at solving the symmetry problem of scalar implicatures, but problematic data with indirect and particularised scalar implicatures have been raised (Romoli 2013, Trinh & Haida 2015). In an attempt to address these problems, Trinh & Haida (2015) recently propose to augment the theory with the Atomicity Constraint. In this paper, it is shown that Trinh & Haida’s Atomicity Constraint falls short of explaining minimal variants of the original problems, and moreover that it runs into trouble with the inference of sentences involving gradable adjectives like full and empty. We furthermore discuss how the structural approach suffers from the problem of ‘too many lexical alternatives’ (Swanson 2010) and the problem of ‘too few lexical alternatives.’ These three problems epitomise the difficulty of constructing just enough alternatives under the structural approach to solve the symmetry problem in full generality. In light of this, we also discuss two other accounts of the symmetry problem, the Monotonicity Constraint (Horn 1989, Matsumoto 1995) and the approach based on relative informativity and complexity by Bergen, Levy & Goodman (2016), and argue that they also do not provide a general solution to the symmetry problem. * For discussion and suggestions, we thank Andreas Haida, Leon Bergen, Patrick Elliot, Danny Fox, Noah Goodman, Roni Katzir, Tue Trinh, and Wataru Uegaki.
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تاریخ انتشار 2016